Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil: தமிழீழ விடுதலைப் புலிகள்Tamiḻīḻa viṭutalaip pulikaḷ, Sinhalese: දෙමළ ඊළාම් විමුක්ති කොටිDhemala īlām vimukthi koti, commonly known as the LTTE or the Tamil Tigers) [5] was a Tamil militant organization that was based in northeastern Sri Lanka. Founded in May 1. Velupillai Prabhakaran, it waged a secessionist nationalist insurgency[6][7][8] to create an independent state of Tamil Eelam in the north and east of Sri Lanka for Tamil people.[9] This campaign led to the Sri Lankan Civil War, which ran from 1. LTTE was eventually defeated, with the financial and strategic help of China,[1. Sri Lankan military during the presidency of Mahinda Rajapaksa.[1. Due to its military victories, policies, call for national self- determination and constructive Tamil nationalist platform, the LTTE was supported by major sections of the Tamil community.[1.
University Teachers for Human Rights (Jaffna) claimed that "by combination of internal terror and narrow nationalist ideology the LTTE succeeded in atomizing the community. It took away not only the right to oppose but even the right to evaluate, as a community, the course they were taking. This gives a semblance of illusion that the whole society is behind the LTTE."[1. At the height of its power, the LTTE possessed a well- developed militia and carried out many high- profile attacks, including the assassinations of several high- ranking Sri Lankan and Indian politicians. The LTTE was the only militant group to assassinate two world leaders: [1. Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in 1.
Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa in 1. Watch Love &Amp; Mercy Download. The LTTE invented suicide belts and pioneered the use of women in suicide attacks in warfare.[1. It also acquired and used light aircraft in some of its attacks.[1. Velupillai Prabhakaran headed the organisation from its inception until his death in 2. The LTTE was proscribed as a terrorist organisation by 3.
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European Union, United States, and India. Historical inter- ethnic imbalances between majority Sinhalese and minority Tamil populations are alleged to have created the background for the origin of the LTTE. Post independent Sri Lankan governments attempted to rectify the disproportionate favouring and empowerment of Tamil minority by the colonial rulers,[6][2. Sinhala Only Act" and gave rise to separatist ideologies among many Tamil leaders. By the 1. 97. 0s, initial non violent political struggle for an independent mono- ethnic Tamil state was used as justification for a violent secessionist insurgency led by the LTTE.[6][2. Over the course of the conflict, the Tamil Tigers frequently exchanged control of territory in north- east Sri Lanka with the Sri Lankan military, with the two sides engaging in intense military confrontations.
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It was involved in four unsuccessful rounds of peace talks with the Sri Lankan government over the course of the conflict. At its peak in 2.
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LTTE was in control of 7. Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka.[2. At the start of the final round of peace talks in 2. Tamil Tigers controlled a 1. After the breakdown of the peace process in 2. Sri Lankan military launched a major offensive against the Tigers, defeating the LTTE militarily and bringing the entire country under its control. Human rights groups criticised the nature of the victory which included the internment of Tamil civilians in concentration camps with little or no access to outside agencies.[2.
Victory over the Tigers was declared by Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa on 1. May 2. 00. 9,[2. 3] and the LTTE admitted defeat on 1. May 2. 00. 9.[2. 4] Prabhakaran was killed by government forces on 1.
May 2. 00. 9. Selvarasa Pathmanathan succeeded Prabhakaran as leader of the LTTE, but he was later arrested in Malaysia and handed over to the Sri Lankan government in August 2. History[edit]Background[edit]In the early 1. United Front government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike introduced the policy of standardisation to rectify the low numbers of Sinhalese being accepted into university in Sri Lanka. A student named Satiyaseelan formed Tamil Manavar Peravai (Tamil Students League) to counter this.[2. This group comprised Tamil youth who advocated the rights of students to have fair enrollment. Inspired by the failed 1. Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, it was the first Tamil insurgent group of its kind.[2.
It consisted of around 4. Tamil youth, including Ponnuthurai Sivakumaran (later, the leader of the Sivakumaran group), K. Pathmanaba (one of the founder members of EROS) and Velupillai Prabhakaran, an 1. Valvettithurai (VVT).[2. In 1. 97. 2, Prabhakaran teamed up with Chetti Thanabalasingam, Jaffna to form the Tamil New Tigers (TNT), with Thanabalasingham as its leader.[3.
After he was killed, Prabhakaran took over.[3. At the same time, Nadarajah Thangathurai and Selvarajah Yogachandran (better known by his nom de guerre Kuttimani) were also involved in discussions about an insurgency.[3. They would later (in 1. Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization (TELO) to campaign for the establishment of an independent Tamil Eelam. These groups, along with another prominent figure of the armed struggle, Ponnuthurai Sivakumaran, were involved in several hit- and- run operations against pro- government Tamil politicians, Sri Lanka Police and civil administration during the early 1. These attacks included throwing bombs at the residence and the car of SLFPJaffna Mayor, Alfred Duraiyappah, placing a bomb at a carnival held in the stadium of Jaffna city (now "Duraiyappah stadium") and Neervely bank robbery.
The 1. 97. 4 Tamil conference incident also sparked the anger of these militant groups. Both Sivakumaran and Prabhakaran attempted to assassinate Duraiyappah in revenge for the incident. Watch Online Watch Stomp The Yard 2: Homecoming Full Movie Online Film. Sivakumaran committed suicide on 5 June 1. Police.[3. 3] On 2. July 1. 97. 5, Prabhakaran assassinated Duraiyappah, who was branded as a "traitor" by TULF and the insurgents alike. Prabhakaran shot and killed the Mayor when he was visiting the Krishnan temple at Ponnalai.[3.
Founding and rise to power[edit]The LTTE was founded on 5 May 1. Watch Mikres Afrodites Hindi Full Movie. Tamil New Tigers. Uma Maheswaran became its leader, and Prabhakaran its military commander.[3. A five- member committee was also appointed.
It has been stated that Prabhakaran sought to "refashion the old TNT/new LTTE into an elite, ruthlessly efficient, and highly professional fighting force",[3. Rohan Gunaratna. Prabhakaran kept the numbers of the group small and maintained a high standard of training.[3. The LTTE carried out low- key attacks against various government targets, including policemen and local politicians. TULF support[edit]Tamil United Liberation Front leader Appapillai Amirthalingam, who was in 1.
Opposition leader of Sri Lanka Parliament, clandestinely supported the LTTE. Amirthalingam believed that if he could exercise control over the Tamil insurgent groups, it would enhance his political position and pressure the government to agree to grant political autonomy to Tamils. Thus, he provided letters of reference to the LTTE and to other Tamil insurgent groups to raise funds.
Both Uma Maheswaran (a former surveyor) and Urmila Kandiah, first female member of the LTTE, were prominent members of the TULF youth wing.[3. Maheswaran was the secretary of TULF Tamil Youth Forum, Colombo branch. Amirthalingam introduced Prabhakaran to N. S. Krishnan, who later became the first international representative of LTTE.
It was Krishnan who introduced Prabhakaran to Anton Balasingham, who later became the chief political strategist and chief negotiator of LTTE, which split for the first time in 1. Uma Maheswaran was found to be having a love affair with Urmila Kandiah, which was against the code of conduct of LTTE. Prabhakaran ordered him to leave the organisation.[3. Uma Maheswaran left LTTE and formed People's Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE) in 1.
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