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• If you listened to the full Maron podcast you would’ve heard that I was inspired to confront my childhood rapist after visiting my old neighborhood and discovering.
• Before you read/watch/listen to “If You Can Read This I Can Prove God Exists,” read THIS first. (700 words – 2 minutes) – then come back and continue reading.
• The Complete List of 200 Most Useful Websites for College Students.

The moral argument for the existence of God refers to the claim that God is needed to provide a coherent ontological foundation for the existence of objective moral values and duties. The argument can be summarised in the following syllogism: Premise 1: If God does not exist, then objective moral values and duties do not exist. Premise 2: Objective moral values and duties do exist. Conclusion: Therefore, God exists. Since this is a logically valid syllogism, the atheist, in order to maintain his non- belief in God, must reject at least one of the two Premises. By “objective” morality we mean a system of ethics which universally pertains irrespective of the opinions or tastes of human persons: for example, the holocaust was morally wrong irrespective of what Hitler and the Nazis believed about it, and it would have remained morally wrong even if the Nazis had won World War II and compelled everyone into compliance with their values. This view, known in philosophy as “moral realism,” contrasts with “moral relativism” which maintains that no- one is objectively correct or incorrect with respect to their moral values and judgements.

Most people want to uphold premise 2 of the moral argument. After all, if there are no objective ethics, then who is to say that Hitler was objectively morally wrong?

Humans have an intuitive sense of right and wrong. The moral argument requires only that at least some actions are objectively right or wrong (e. Premise 1 relates to the perfect standard against which everything else is measured. God, being the only morally perfect being, is the standard against which all other things are judged. Moreover, in the absence of theism, nobody has been able to conceive of a defensible grounding for moral values. Moral Argument – An Important Distinction. It is important to bear in mind that the moral argument pertains to the ultimate source of objective moral values and duties (moral ontology) and not how we know what is moral or immoral (moral epistemology) and not ‘what we mean’ by good/bad or right/wrong (moral semantics).

Last week, we were so happy to report that Kendrick Lamar confirmed his engagement to his high school sweetheart, Whitney Alford. However, it appears that not. The moral argument for the existence of God refers to the claim that God is needed to provide a coherent ontological foundation for the existence of objective moral.

The theistic ethicist maintains that moral values are grounded in the character and nature of God. Those who are divine command theorists maintain that moral duties are based on what God commands. Philosopher William Lane Craig puts it this way: “Duty arises in response to an imperative from a competent authority. For example, if some random person were to tell me to pull my car over, I would have absolutely no legal obligation to do so. But if a policeman were to issue such a command, I’d have a legal obligation to obey. The difference in the two cases lies in the persons who issued the commands: one is qualified to do so, while the other is not.”Moral Argument – Euthyphro’s Dilemma. Plato, in his dialogue Euthyphro, presents a fictional dialogue between his philosophical mentor, Socrates, and a character by the name of Euthyphro.

Euthyphro explains to Socrates that he has come to lay manslaughter charges against his father, because of his involvement in the death of a worker. This worker himself had killed a slave who had belonged to the family estate. This worker was found dead, gagged, and bound in a ditch. This gives rise to a lengthy dialogue between Euthyphro and Socrates, which eventually leads to the famous “Euthyphro’s Dilemma.” Socrates says, “But I will amend the definition so far as to say that what all the gods hate is impious, and what they love pious or holy; and what some of them love and others hate is both or neither. Shall this be our definition of piety and impiety?” Euthyphro goes on to say “Yes, I should say that what all the gods love is pious and holy, and the opposite which they all hate, impious.” Socrates subsequently inquires of him, “The point which I should first wish to understand is whether the pious or holy is beloved by the gods because it is holy, or holy because it is beloved of the gods.”The question is posed this way: Is x the right thing to do because God commands it, or does God command it because it is already the right thing to do? I take the former option. Normally, the problem with accepting the horn is that there is a presumption that the commands in question from God are arbitrary (i.

God could have commanded that we ought to lie). But that’s just false.

The theist wants to say that God is essentially loving, honest etc., and therefore, in all worlds at which God exists, his commands are going to be consistent with his nature. And therefore, in all worlds, he will disapprove of lying.

Moral Argument – The Shortcomings of Utilitarianism. There are various nontheistic systems of ethics, none of which succeed in providing a robust ontological foundation or objective moral values and duties. One of these systems, popularised recently by Sam Harris in his book The Moral Landscape, is called utilitarianism, and (in its most common formulation) refers to the view that ethics are determined by what constitutes the greatest happiness for the greatest number. One difficulty lies in the fact that it attempts to balance two different scales employed to assess the moral virtue of an action (i. This can often lead to conflicting answers—in some cases an activity might be considered better for a greater number of individuals whereas a different activity might create a greater overall utility.

Utilitarians try to maximize with their actions the utility of the long- term consequences of those actions. However, short of possession of omniscience, it is impossible to evaluate the respective long- term results of different activities. Utilitarianism also does not take into account the individual’s intent—Activity X could be done sincerely by an individual who believes that what he is doing will create the maximum utility. But if activity X turns out in the long- term not to produce the desired utility, then his action, under the philosophy of utilitarianism, would be considered less moral than an activity that created more utility. Conclusion. In conclusion, the moral argument is a robust argument for the existence of God.

It is important to distinguish between moral ontology and epistemology when engaging in this debate since these categories are frequently conflated by atheist critics. Humans, being shaped in the image of God, have an intuitive sense of right and wrong.

It is not at all clear how the atheist, except at the expense of moral realism, can maintain an objective standard of ethics without such a being as God as his ontological foundation.

The Complete List of 2. Most Useful Websites for College Students. As a college student, you don’t really know when you’re going to need some extra help for any problem you may encounter during college and time is obviously something you don’t have. Certainly nobody wants to spend hours on search engines to find a quick solution, right?

I’ve compiled this list with the hopes you can always refer back to it should you be in need of anything coming from online websites: calculators, resources pages, discounts, homework help, textbooks, study tips, classroom tools, internships and just about every help you can get from the internet. This is an attempt to create the most complete list around the web. Study Tools. 1. Stu. Docu. What is it. A resource site to find exams and notes that other students from universities all over the world have submitted. How is it useful.

If you have trouble with a particular class then you want to make sure you ace that next exam, wouldn’t it be nice to have extra exams and notes to make sure you are ready for any question that may show up on the exam? Heck you might even come across the same question your professor will give you in the next exam. It’ll show you from which university the exam or notes is coming from. If you are lucky you might find your professor’s past exams! Pros& Cons. Best for finding notes, reviews and exams. Cost. Free. 2. Joe’s Goals.

What is it. A very simple tools to track your goals for the month or week. How is it useful.

If you promised yourself to study 2 hours per day for a particular class you can add a check to the days you managed to accomplish it and an X where you couldn’t. Pros and Cons. It’s simple, quick and easy to use. Not useful for planning/keep up with datelines. Cost. Free. Requires subscription for more than 6 goals. Pomodoro. What is it A simple technique to increase your productivity. Watch Flock Of Dudes Online Ibtimes. Just use a timer to break down your work into intervals of study and short breaks( 2.

How is it useful If you are a procrastinator or someone who cant just concentrate on their work for long periods of time. Then this technique is for you. Extremely useful for those who need some motivation to study consistently for their next exam. You’ll get more stuff done by limiting your breaks to 5 min every 2. Pros It only requires you to buy a physical timer or use any timer online.

Cost Free. 4. Keep Me Out. What is it. A tool to block any website that you may be addicted to. How is it useful.

Do you have a term paper due tomorrow or an incoming exam and yet you find yourself wasting precious time checking facebook or playing games? If so, keep me out will block all of those out for the time you set it to. Useful to remind you not to use it too much. Pros & Cons. Easy, quick and simple to use. Highly configurable. Will not block your sites altogether.

Will only give you a warning when you try to access them. Cost Free. 5. Fltvo. What is it: A website tool to download your favorite videos from youtube in video or audio formats. How is it useful: Don’t have internet connection outside the library or home?

Do you have limited internet connectivity only for short periods but you still want to keep listening to that lecture from youtube when you are commuting to college? If so, download your videos to your computer and transfer them to your mobile device so you can still keep enjoying your favorite youtube videos on the go. Pros: Easy to use. Videos can be download in different formats. Cons: You still need an internet connection! Can take a while to download/convert depending on your connection. Cost: Free. 6. Open.

Study. What is it: A website that uses social media for students to ask and answer just about any question they have in mind. How is it useful: When you have a few questions that you just can’t get an asnwer from google search or your textbooks and your professor’s officer hours isn’t till next week. Use Brainly to ask a question just about any subject from history, psycholopy to math and physics.

You’ll eventually get an answer. Pros:  Useful for homework questions. Answers are from experts and students for you to choose from. Best for questions that are not too math rigorous. Cons: Not useful to find answers quickly for your exam due tomorrow.

Or questions that require a lot of calculations. You need to build points to post a question.

Cost: Free. 7. Cheatography. What is it A website containing cheat- sheets from a variety of subjects.

How is it useful. If you would like a quick summary for a new subject or you are looking for a cheatsheet for a subject you are just starting to learn. Examples include: “Common Job Interview Questions”, “Key. Board Short. Cuts”, “Essentials of Biology”. Pros& Cons Good for finding quick summaries and references about a subject you may be researching. Don’t try to find a cheat sheet for your next psychology or physics exam. Cost Free. 8. Study Skills Online.

What is it A resource page made by a professor to give you tips and advice on how to ace your exams and classes. How is it useful Who better than a professor himself to teach you how to study and ace your classes? You could get extra advice and tips you may never heard of before. Pros& Cons Includes a wide variety of subjects such as presentations, lectures, taking notes, exams, job finding and even research or graduate studies. No tools or apps for you to play around with.

Just good ol’ fashioned advice. Watch The Mindy Project Online Free Season 1 Episode 18. Cost. Free. 9. Marinara Timer. What is it A productivity timer you can customize. How is it useful If you need to keep yourself reminded of a task every 2. Or if you just wanna limit yourself to check your facebook page for time intervals. This website also has an option to use the Pomodoro Technique (working for 2.

Pros Allows you to customize your own personal timer with a lot of different choices for alarm sounds. Cons The logo for the site kind of makes you hungry. Go. Conqr. What is it. A site with many different resources for just about any topic that include: flashcards, mindmaps, quizzers, courses. How is it useful. If you need to study an unknown or new topic and you want to get started, this is your best place to get a general idea about your topic or coursework.

You’ll find a vast amount of resources made by students for students, the most useful feature are the mind maps which break down an entire subject into sub topics for you to study and understand better. You can also connect with people who are studying about your topic and form study groups with them.